So many times as a child I would witness my mother going on a trip and returning home with all types of plants and cuttings that she eagerly planted in the garden, only to watch them wither and die, or flourish until the winter frosts arrived and blackened the poor struggling plants.
Now I realise that part of my mother’s error was to fall in love in a plant that looked lovely in one climate zone, but was unsuitable for the zone where we gardened. A better understanding of the various climatic zones would have resulted in more success for my mother.
There are a number of climate zones:
- Tropical
- Subtropical and warm temperate
- Semi-arid and arid
- Dry temperate (Mediterranean)
- Temperate and cool
Each zone or climate has its own characteristics, obviously, and so will dictate what you can plant and when.
Distinct wet and dry seasons
Rainfall up to 4000mm per year, mostly falling during summer
An average winter daytime temperature of 30 Celsius
An average summer daytime temperature of 32 Celsius
Equal hours of daylight and darkness, regardless of season.
- Subtropical and warm temperate
Some distinct seasonal changes
Rainfall of up to 1200mm per year, mostly during the summer
An average winter daytime temperature of 10-20 Celsius
An average summer daytime temperature of 20-30 Celsius
Mid-winter day length minimum of 9.5 hours ( 14.5 hours of darkness)
Hot days in summer and cold nights in winter
Rainfall of more than 250-500 mm per year, mostly during the summer
An average winter daytime temperature of 20-33 Celsius
An average summer daytime temperature of 34 Celsius
Mid-winter day length of 10.5 hours (13.5 hours of darkness)
- Dry temperate (Mediterranean)
Hot, dry summer
Rainfall of more than 600-800 mm per year, mostly falling in the winter
An average winter daytime temperature of 15-18 Celsius
An average summer daytime temperature of 30-33 Celsius
Mid-winter day length of 10.5 hours (13.5 hours of darkness)
Winter frost and/or significant snowfall possible in some regions
Rainfall of more than 600-10000 mm per year, depending on latitude and distance from the coast
An average winter daytime temperature of 5 and 13 Celsius
An average summer daytime temperature of 16 and 26 Celsius
Mid-winter day length of 8.5 hours (15.5 hours of darkness)
Source: Annette McFarlane, Organic Vegetable Gardening,
